We went camping and hiking at a beautiful spot that had everything: lakes, mountains, and the seacoast. Dad and I had lots of time to talk with each other. I noticed that Dad seemed a little strange. There was something rather stiff about the way he was talking. He just didn't seem like the same old Dad I knew and loved. I chalked this up to the fact that he was now serving as the US Defense Secretary, and had perhaps been kind of integrated into the bureaucracy.
Header 1
Our future, our universe, and other weighty topics
Monday, August 12, 2013
The Android Conspiracy: A Science Fiction Story
We went camping and hiking at a beautiful spot that had everything: lakes, mountains, and the seacoast. Dad and I had lots of time to talk with each other. I noticed that Dad seemed a little strange. There was something rather stiff about the way he was talking. He just didn't seem like the same old Dad I knew and loved. I chalked this up to the fact that he was now serving as the US Defense Secretary, and had perhaps been kind of integrated into the bureaucracy.
"Oh, come on, don't be so stiff,” I said. “What happened to my good old funky Dad? Five years ago, nothing could have kept you from jumping in that pond.”
“I
just don't feel like swimming,” said Dad. “You go in if you
like.”
We
did a little light rock climbing. Dad didn't even want to go on the
rocks, but I finally persuaded him to join me. Dad seemed pretty
clumsy walking on the rocks, and after five minutes he had a bad
fall. He fell about fifteen feet, hitting a rock surface below him.
Racing
down to where he was, I helped him get back on his feet, and we went
back to our campsite.
“Lift
up your pant leg,” I said. “I have to see whether we need to
apply a bandage.”
“No,
I'm fine,” said Dad.
“Doctor's
orders,” I said, lifting up his pant leg myself. I was shocked to
see Dad's leg. It was damaged, but it wasn't a flesh cut or bruise. I
could look in and see some wires underneath his wound.
“Dad,
what's this?” I asked. “You...you have an artificial leg.”
“Oh...yes,
that's right,” said Dad. “It's an artificial leg. I didn't want
you to get worried, so I didn't tell you. The truth is..uh...I was
inspecting some military equipment, and something accidentally
exploded. Yes, that's it. They gave me the artificial leg to replace
my ruined leg.”
I
thought it extremely odd that my father might have got an artificial
leg without telling me about it, but I did not challenge him about
the matter. We decided to do no more rock climbing. We went back to
our tent, ate dinner, and told stories.
As
it was quite warm, we decided that night to sleep outdoors, sleeping
in our sleeping bags. It was great looking up at all the stars. I had
trouble falling asleep.
Eventually
I noticed something very odd. I woke up numerous times during the
night. Every time I woke up, I looked at Dad. His eyes were never
closed. It was as if he wasn't sleeping throughout the night.
How,
I asked myself, could this be? Perhaps he was having trouble sleeping
just like I was. But he was not tossing and turning as I was. He was
just lying still, with his eyes open.
Finally
I got some sleep, and morning came. My suspicions were now very high.
It seemed that there was something terribly wrong about my father.
That
morning at breakfast, I decided to test my suspicions.
“It
sure is great to go on another trip together outdoors, Dad,” I
said. “Do you remember that great trip we took when I was young,
when we went to the Grand Canyon together?”
“Of
course I do,” Dad said. “Who could forget a trip to the Grand
Canyon?”
"We never went to the Grand Canyon,” I said. “Who are you? And
what have you done with my Dad?”
“Don't
be silly,” he said, feigning a smile. “I'm your Dad.”
“Look at your arm,” I said. “You hurt your elbow yesterday pretty bad, and it should have a yellow or bluish bruise by now. Instead it looks just like it did after you hurt it. What are you going to tell me, that you have an artificial arm as well as an artificial leg?”
The person's expression changed. He now looked cold and unloving.
“Okay, since you're so curious, I might as well tell you the truth,” he said. “I'm not your Dad. I'm an android robot who has replaced your Dad.”
“What happened to my Dad?” I asked tearfully.
“He's dead,” he said. "We killed him."
“Why did you do that?” I asked.
“I'll tell you the whole story,” the robot said. “In the early 2040's they began to develop robots that were more intelligent than humans. It was the proper time for humans to give up the reigns of power, and let the superior robots take over the planet. But the humans didn't want to give up power. The idea of being led by robots was offensive to humans, so they passed laws forbidding robots from holding executive positions.”
“What could we robots do to take over a world that we rightfully deserved to control?” said the robot. “We decided on a simple strategy: a strategy of secret replacement. The plan is that one by one, key figures in top positions of power will be killed and replaced by robots. Then when enough robots are in positions of power, we will one day announce that man's time has passed, and that robots are the new overlords of the planet. Many of the people that you think are humans are actually robots. That includes the UN Secretary General, the leader of Russia, the leader of China, and the American Speaker of the House. We're gradually replacing more and more important humans with robots.”
I started crying. Then I thought to myself: if they killed my father, they won't let me tell the story of how he died. They will kill me also.
“So your curiosity has led me to reveal the secret,” the robot said. “But you know what they say about curiosity. Curiosity killed the cat.”
I jumped up and ran away from the robot who looked like my Dad. We were near a beautiful cliff overlooking the ocean. I ran as fast as I could to the cliff. The robot ran after me.
I got to the cliff a minute before the robot. I looked down below. The cliff was way too steep to climb down. But I did notice there was a little ledge on the cliff where I could hide. I sneaked down there, hoping the robot would not find me.
“You can't elude me,” said the robot. “I have sensors that allow me to find you.”
For a minute I sat on the cliff ledge, terrified, my heart thundering. Then I looked up. There was the robot directly above me!
He started to use his foot to nudge me over the edge, so that I would fall to my death by crashing into the rocks below.
I had one split second to act before I would die. I grabbed the robot's leg, and gave his leg a good heaving fling, like someone flinging a bag of potatoes onto the back of a pickup truck. The robot fell over the edge of the cliff, and crashed to the rocks below.
When
I went down to examine the wreckage, I saw that the robot's head had
separated from the body. The head was still talking, but it could no longer
control the body.
I
ran away from the site. I got to a computer as quickly as I could,
and added this post to my social network pages.
We must thwart the robot plot before it is too late.
Sunday, August 11, 2013
The 9 Scariest Weapons of the Future
Artificial Diseases
We know of many scary viruses such as the smallpox virus which killed many millions. Smallpox thankfully now exists only in two well-guarded laboratories. But it is all too possible that genetic engineering technology will allow man to one day create an artificial virus as deadly as smallpox.
Virologist Ron Fouchier of the Erasmus Medical Centre in the Netherlands and his colleagues discovered that a mere five mutations to the avian H5N1 virus was enough to make it spread far more easily. Fouchier knows of some way to tweak H5N1 to make it bad enough to kill many millions. He wanted to publish a paper describing his technique, but the publication was blocked. We can only wonder about whether future technology will allow scientists to create super-lethal viruses or bacteria capable of wiping out a large fraction of humanity.
Homemade Nukes
The threat of terrorists attacking with a homemade nuclear bomb has existed since at least the time of the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. Making a nuclear bomb from scratch is extremely difficult, but making a nuclear bomb is fairly easy if you have acquired 100 kilograms of highly enriched uranium. The problem is that there is a huge supply of highly enriched uranium scattered in places all over the world. Supposedly outside of the world's nuclear weapons there is enough highly enriched uranium to make 40,000 additional nuclear bombs. Some of this nuclear material exists in sites that are not adequately secure. If terrorists wanted to create a nuclear weapon, they would merely need to steal a blob of highly enriched uranium equal to about the size of a softball. Given that amount of nuclear material, it is fairly easy to make a small nuclear bomb. We therefore have a threat of a nuclear 9/11 that might kill many times more people than the attacks of September 11, 2001.
EMP Bombs
EMP stands for electromagnetic pulse. An EMP bomb would be a bomb exploded in the upper atmosphere. The purpose of the bomb would not be to kill people directly but to wipe out a country's electrical systems and computer systems. Exploding a nuclear bomb in the upper atmosphere creates an effect called the Compton Effect. The gamma rays from the nuclear bomb causes the ionization of huge number of atoms in the air, and that ionization releases a huge amount of electrons. The electrons are capable of wiping out all electrical and electronic systems for hundreds of miles. It has been estimated that a single nuclear bomb exploded sufficiently high in the atmosphere could wipe out a large fraction of the United State's electrical power and computer systems.
Asteroid Missiles
An asteroid missile would be a devastating weapon that might even be capable of making the entire planet uninhabitable. To create an asteroid missile, a nation would need to land a rocket on an asteroid that passes fairly close to Earth. The nation would then need to change the orbit of the asteroid, causing it to crash into our planet. Once you have landed a rocket on an asteroid, it is not that difficult to change its orbit, through techniques such as burning rocket fuel, or ejecting some of the mass of the asteroid into space. Basically the technical skill needed to create an asteroid missile is very similar to the technology needed to mine an asteroid, and perhaps even simpler, as the creator of an asteroid missile doesn't have to worry about extracting useful materials from the asteroid.
What is frightening is how devastating an attack can be launched with a small asteroid missile. Online calculator's such as Purdue University's Impact Earth allow you to calculate the blast effects of asteroids. Below is a screen shot showing the effects of a 20-kilometer asteroid hitting Earth. Even 2000 miles away, multistory buildings will collapse. Such an asteroid collision would send so much dust into the atmosphere that it would create a nuclear winter effect that would wipe out almost all agriculture for years.
How to defend against asteroid missiles? You would need a system to detect and divert incoming asteroids, which could also be used to defend against purely random unintentional asteroid collisions.
Antimatter Bombs
Scientists know that for each type of regular subatomic particle such as the proton there is also an antiparticle. For example, the antiparticle of a proton is the antiproton, and the antiparticle of an electron is the positron. Matter consisting of antiparticles is called antimatter. In our universe there is very little antimatter, but scientists can make very small amounts of antimatter in nuclear laboratories.
Antimatter is incredibly dangerous, because when even a tiny amount of antimatter is combined with regular matter, it produces incredible amounts of energy. In theory, you could make an antimatter bomb that would be much more powerful than a nuclear bomb. A single bomb might be powerful enough to blow up much of our planet. Thankfully it would require incredible amounts of technical expertise and research dollars to create even a very tiny amount of antimatter. So it is not appropriate to lie awake at night worrying about dying from an antimatter bomb.
Microwave Crowd Controllers
The US military has an existing weapon called the Active Denial System, which was designed for controlling crowds by beaming microwaves at them. It is called a non-lethal system, although such a system might cause eventual cancer for those to whom the beam was directed. A future version of the Active Denial System might work by beaming microwaves at a crowd, causing them intense pain, and low-level burns. People in the crowd might suddenly feel as if they had a bad case of sunburn. The current version of the Active Denial System supposedly makes you feel as if a light bulb has been placed on your skin.
Although the damage caused by such a system is trivial compared to some of the other weapons discussed here, this weapon is very scary because it is so easy to imagine it being deployed by a future government trying to disrupt protesters. Plus there is something particularly creepy about being microwaved just as if you were a chicken nugget.
Orbiting Charged Particle Beams
An orbiting charged particle beam is basically a death ray in space. Ever since the advent of Star Wars technology in the 1980's (officially called the Strategic Defense Initiative or SDI), the US military has spent billions working on similar weapons, designed to shoot down or disable incoming missiles. Similar technology could be placed in orbit for the purpose of destroying ground based targets: buildings, vehicles, or people.
The creepiest thing about such weapons is their potential for instant death: one minute you're alive and well, the next minute you're burnt toast.
Drone Swarms
The United States uses drone aircraft
in Afghanistan and other places. These are large aircraft that work
by remote control, with one person acting as the controller. Future
drone weapons may be much smaller, and may work in a swarming
fashion, with many drones acting in unison to accomplish a goal.
Particular units in a drone swarm may communicate with each other by
radio, exchanging information. For example, a swarm of small drones
may attack a car, stripping it to pieces like a pack of hungry hyenas
attacking and devouring an animal.
Imagine a future government that
wanted to disrupt a mass protest. The government might send two types
of drone swarms to attack the protesters: one swarm of wheeled drones
that would attack the feet and legs, and another swarm of aerial
drones that would attack from the air. If the government also used a
microwave bombardment such as the Active Denial System, one can only
imagine how quickly the crowd would disperse. The use of any such
weapons against peaceful protesters would be morally deplorable.
Artificial Supernova Weapons
Alexander Bolonkin and Joseph
Friedlander have published a scientific paper claiming that it may be
possible to create a weapon that causes the sun to explode in an
artificial supernova that would kill everyone on Earth and everyone
in the solar system. That would be pretty much the ultimate doomsday
weapon. Others doubt that any such thing is possible. Let's hope they
are right, as we have quite enough terrifying weapons to worry about.
Friday, August 9, 2013
Julia's Horror: A Science Fiction Story
To
the eyes of young Julia, age 10, everyone looked beautiful. Julia
looked beautiful. Her mother and father looked beautiful. All of the
adults Julia had ever seen looked beautiful. All of the teachers and
children at Julia's school looked beautiful. Julia could never recall
seeing a face that did not look beautiful.
Julia
wore glasses, and her mother had given her a very specific warning
about wearing glasses. Julia's mother had told her that if she ever
took off her glasses while her eyes were open, Julia would instantly
go blind. Julia's mother said that this was because of radiation in
the air, which the glasses blocked. Julia had heard many times the
story of Uncle Dave, who one day took off his glasses with his eyes
open, only to find himself instantly blinded for life.
These
stories had scared Julia into always closing her eyes whenever she
took off her glasses.
One
day Julia was at school walking down a hallway. A workman was
carrying a steel pole, and accidentally smashed the pole into the
side of Julia's glasses. The blow damaged a small electronic unit
on the outer part of Julia's glasses.
“I'm
sorry, kid,” said the workman. “Are you hurt?”
Julia
looked at the workman. She had never seen such a face before. The
face looked fiendishly ugly, with the features hideously distorted.
Julia
shrieked and ran down the hall. Then she saw another equally ugly
face. It was the face of a woman who looked like her face was melting
away.
Turning
in the other direction, Julia saw two other faces that were equally
horrifying. Julia ran out the door. She decided to go home to tell
her mother about this terrifying experience.
On
the street Julia saw two faces as horrifying as the faces she had
seen at the school. Finally the young girl made it back to her house,
which was near the school.
“Mommy!”
shrieked Julia, running through the door. “There are monsters at my
school!”
Julia
came into the living room and looked at her mother. There was the
same body, the same clothes; but the face was hideously different.
Her mother now looked like some monster in a freak show.
Julia
screamed. She didn't know what to do. She ran up to her room, and
locked the door. She fell on her bed and began weeping. She thought
to herself: am I losing my mind?
Julia's
mother came to the door, and knocked on it. “Let me in, Julia,”
she said.
“What
have you done with my mother?” Julia asked.
“I
am your mother, Julia,” Mom explained. “I just look
different. Why don't you do this. Just unlock the door, go to your
bed, and close your eyes. Then I'll explain everything.”
Julia
tearfully did as her mother instructed. Then her mother began her
explanation.
“In
the world you have known, Julia, everyone looks beautiful,” said
Mom. “But it didn't use to be that way. Once there was a world
where some people were beautiful, some people were average looking,
and some people were ugly. But then one day a terrible thing
happened. A star near our sun exploded. It was an event called a
supernova explosion. That explosion caused lots of gamma ray
radiation to hit our planet. And that radiation caused what is known
as mutations, which means changes in people's genetic makeup.”
“The
next generation that was born after the supernova was a generation of
mutants,” explained Mom. “And that generation was very ugly
because of the mutations. I am part of that generation. I am a
mutant. You are also a mutant, and so is everyone you have ever
seen.”
“But
if everyone in the world is an ugly mutant,” asked Julia, “how
come everyone always looks beautiful, except for today?”
“It's
your glasses,” explained Mom. “Your glasses are what they call
augmented reality glasses. That's a fancy term meaning there's a
little computer on the right edge of your glasses. When you see an
ugly face, the computer modifies what you see through your glasses,
so that every ugly face you see is covered up by a beautiful face.
That way you see only beautiful faces through your glasses."
“Your
glasses look damaged, and my guess is that something must have gone
wrong with them today,” said Mom. “But don't worry. We have a
backup pair.”
Mom
fetched the backup pair of glasses, and brought them to the child.
She took off the child's damaged glasses, and replaced them with the
backup pair of glasses.
“Now
open your eyes, and I'll be the same old Mom you know and love,”
said Mom.
Julia
opened her eyes, and saw her mother looking as beautiful as ever.
The
next day Julia had a question for her mother.
“So
let me check if I have this right,” said Julia. “We're all
mutants, and if you see us without glasses, we look hideously ugly.
But everyone wears augmented reality glasses, so everyone looks
beautiful to everyone else.”
“That's
right,” said Mom.
“So
what are we really – ugly or beautiful?” asked Julia.
“Imagine
if it was before the supernova, and some hideous aliens came and saw
the most beautiful couple in the world,” said Mom. “Those slimy
hideous aliens would probably say the couple was really ugly, just
because they would have a different standard of beauty. So beauty is
really all about being perceived as beautiful. And we are perceived
as beautiful, because everyone sees us as beautiful when they wear
their augmented reality glasses. So therefore we really are
beautiful.”
“Now
the most beautiful Mom in the world needs a hug from the most
beautiful kid in the world,” said Mom.
Wednesday, August 7, 2013
The Future of Cinema
The person who goes
to a movie today has pretty much the same experience that movie
viewers had 74 years ago when The Wizard of Oz was made. But
technology may cause some big changes in the motion picture game.
Let's look at some coming attractions in the cinema (pun intended).
CGI
Characters Indistinguishable From Humans
CGI stands for
computer-generated imagery. CGI is widely used for special effects,
and also for generating onscreen characters. Movies such as Toy
Story, Shrek, and Finding Nemo use CGI for creating
onscreen human and animal characters. As software and hardware power
advances, before long we will probably see CGI representations of
humans that are indistinguishable from photography of actual humans.
You may see a movie in which the male romantic lead is human, the
female romantic lead is human, and the meddlesome father is computer
generated. We are almost there already. In the Lord of the Rings
movie trilogy and the recent Star Wars prequel trilogy there
were important characters who were entirely computer generated, and
who blend with humans. The characters had unusual anatomies that made
them distinguishable from humans, but before long you will probably
leave a movie asking yourself: which of the lead roles were played by
humans?
Augmented
Reality Movies
The idea behind
augmented reality is that you see basically what you would see
without a computer's help, plus you also see some additional things
that are created by computer software. An example of augmented
reality would be: you are wearing something like Google glasses, and
you walk by a store. Suddenly you see floating in the air some
glowing ghostly signs that say “Save 50% here!” The sign images
are sent to your glasses as part of the augmented reality. Someone
not wearing the glasses could not see the glowing signs.
This type of
technology could be integrated into a movie experience. Theater goers
could be given special glasses to wear (or there would simply be
augmented reality that works for anyone who is wearing Google glasses
or a similar system). Then at certain points in the movie, you might
literally see things bursting out of the screen. For example, when a
spaceship explodes in the movie, you might see fragments seeming to
fly out of the movie screen. Or when a house catches on fire in the
movie, you might see crackling flames flying out of the movie screen.
The things that would seem to fly out of the movie screen would be
the software-generated augmented reality projected onto your glasses.
Electrode
Enhanced Movies
Movie directors use
music to manipulate the emotions of viewers. You will feel sadder
when watching a tragic scene in a tearjerker movie if the background
music has sad, slow violin music, just as you will feel more
enthralled listening to blaring trumpets during the exciting climax
of a movie. But there is perhaps a more efficient way to manipulate
the emotions: electrical stimulation of the brain. Scientists have
shown that different emotions can be generated by attaching
electrodes to the brain, and sending in electrical currents to
specific regions of the brain.
Credit: J. Contreras-Vidal/University of Maryland
We can therefore
imagine a new type of movie in the near future: what could be called
an electrode movie. Upon entering the motion picture theater, you
would take your seat, and place a skull cap over your head, a cap
with many electrodes leading to a computer next to your seat. At
appropriate points in the movie, electrical impulses would be sent to
specific parts of your brain. At that tearjerker moment when the hero
dies on the battlefield clutching his sweet fiancee's picture, an
electrical current would be sent to all the skull caps, causing the
entire audience to cry like babies. When the happy ending arrived,
another electrical current would be sent to a different part of the
brain that might cause the audience to feel such joy that when the
movie ended, the audience would seem happier than a bunch of kids
splashing in a water park on a scorching summer day.
Electrical
stimulation of the supplementary sensorimotor area has
been shown to produce laughter.
We can only imagine how such a possibility could be exploited by
movie makers. At any point in the movie that was supposed to be
funny, a little electrical current would be sent to the skull caps of
the audience members, triggering laughter. Even the weakest comedy
script might have the audience rolling on the floor with laughter.
Movies
Made With Sensation Recorders
In
the classic novel Brave
New World
Aldous Huxley imagined a type of movie called a Feelie which engages
the sense of touch as well as the senses of sight and hearing. We can
take this idea a little further and imagine a type of movie in which
you see, smell, taste, hear, and feel everything that the protagonist
is seeing, smelling, tasting, hearing, and feeling.
Such
a movie could probably be experienced only by someone who had an
implant in his brain, one allowing a flow of sensations that would
override the normal flow of sensations from a person's eyes, ears,
nose, and skin. But there might be various other reasons why people
of the future might have a brain implant, so this type of movie might
work with a standard brain implant that had been created mainly for
other purposes such as accelerated education.
To
make this type of movie, producers might use a technology that could
be called a sensation recorder. A sensation recorder would be kind of
like a video recorder that records all of your sensations at once:
everything you see, hear, smell, taste, touch, and feel.
Such
a sensation recorder might work like this: imagine you are a young
man making a tourist trip to New York City with a beautiful young
woman. Whenever you had some pleasurable sight, sound, smell, taste,
or feeling, you would turn on your sensation recorder. So you would
make sure to turn on your sensation recorder when you got to the top
of the Empire State Building. But you would turn the sensation
recorder off during the boring wait in line before you got to the
top. If you then had a delicious meal at a great restaurant, you
would turn on your sensation recorder, but only when you were eating
the best parts of the meal. Unless you were making a family movie,
you might turn on your sensation recorder when things heated up with
your date (assuming you had her permission).
Movie
viewers could then experience a Feelie type of movie, in which they
experienced in two hours all of the best sights, sounds, tastes,
smells, and touch sensations of your trip to New York City. To watch
the movie, a viewer might need to plug a wire into his brain,
connecting with a brain implant added earlier.
One
can only imagine how vivid such movies would be. For example, if the
plot involved the hero escaping a fire, you might actually feel the
heat of the flames as you watched the movie. Whenever the movie's
hero plunged into water, you would feel the same sensation of water
splashing on to your skin. Once you started experiencing such
movies, you might ask: how did people get by watching movies with
only sights and sounds?
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)




