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Our future, our universe, and other weighty topics


Sunday, December 31, 2023

When "Spirit Writings" Show an Impressive Prowess (Part 1)

At various times people have produced writings that they claimed were spirit-guided or spirit-produced. It is sometimes said that such works are typically unimpressive. But I am aware of some works of this type that seem to show a keen prowess. 

One such work is the book Spirit Teachings by William Stainton Moses, which can be read online here.  William Stainton Moses was a highly regarded figure of the nineteenth century, very respected for his scholarship and character. The book Spirit Teachings consists mainly of words that William said he produced through what is called automatic writing. In automatic writing, a person will typically put a pen next to some paper, and then go into a kind of trance state.  The person's hand will write, but the person may state he had no knowledge of what was being written. The person may claim that some spirit temporarily took control of his hand, and that what was written on the paper was the product of that spirit's mind, not his own mind. 

In the book William Stainton Moses gives us writings that he identifies as coming from a mysterious personality called Imperator.  William Stainton Moses claims that he has merely received the teachings of this Imperator individual through automatic writing. The teachings of Imperator often conflict with ideas previously held by William Stainton Moses. 

Here from page 190 to 191 is an example of the sophisticated writing found in the book, teachings attributed to this Imperator source:

"You do not imagine God as an omnipotent, omnipresent man, living in a place where His throne is surrounded by a throng who do nought else but worship and adore, as men would worship were they to see God amongst them on earth. Such a heaven is but a baseless dream. Into spirit-life spirit alone can enter. You know that you have outgrown the fable of the bodily translation of a material frame somewhere into the skies, there to live as it had lived on earth, in the society of a God who was human in all respects save that He was superhuman, in a heaven which was borrowed from the images of a vision which typified under a symbol spiritual truth to John the Seer.... A translation will await each good and true man, but not of his human flesh and bones. His glorified spirit shall rise from the dead and worn-out shroud of flesh that has served its purpose, to a brighter life than man has pictured, in a brighter heaven than human seer has ever imaged."

There follow on page 191-192 a passage from this Imperator source which some will regard as being of high philosophical sophistication:

"Moreover, man has fancied that each revelation of God enshrines permanent truth of universal application, of literal and exact accuracy. He did not see that man is taught by us as man teaches his own children; and accurate definitions of abstract truth do not suit the comprehension of a child. With all the literalness of a child, he accepts the very words of revelation as mathematically and logically accurate, and builds upon them a number of theories, absurd in their nature, and conflicting among themselves. The child accepts the parent's word unhesitatingly, and quotes it as law. It is only later that he learns that he was being taught in parables. Man has dealt with Revelation in the same way. He has assumed literal exactness where there is only Oriental imagery, and mathematical accuracy where he has only a very fallible and frequently legendary record. So he has perpetuated ignorant ideas about a jealous God, and a fiery hell, and a heaven in the skies where the elect are gathered, and a physical resurrection, and a universal assize, and such notions, which belong to the age of childhood and are outgrown by the developed man. The man should put aside the notions of the child, and soar to higher knowledge. 

But in place of that legendary belief, primitive superstitions, ignorant fancies, are perpetuated. The hyperbolical visions of an imaginative people are taken for hard fact ; and a medley of fancy, folly, and truth is jumbled together, which no reflecting mind on an advanced plane of knowledge can continue to accept as matter of belief. Faith is the cord that has bound together this incoherent mass. We cut that cord, and bid you use your reason to try that which has been received and held by faith alone. You will find much in the mass that is of human invention, dating from the infancy of man's mind. You will reject much that is both cumbersome and profitless. But you will find a residue that commends itself to reason, is attested by your own experience, and is derived from God. You will gather hints of what the good God destines for his creatures."

The words I have quoted are not untypical at all, but are representative of the literary skill with which this Imperator "spirit personality" typically speaks in the book. 

On page 209 we have this remarkable testimony from William Stainton Moses:

"From this time forward repeated evidence of individuality perpetuated after bodily death was brought home to me. I do not interrupt the course of the teachings to detail them. Some were written communications, in which peculiarities of handwriting, spelling, and diction were accurately reproduced. Some were verbal communications made through my own guide. Some were laboriously rapped out in the circle. Some were corroborated by my clairvoyant vision. The ways used to convey the information were various, but all agreed in one particular. The facts given were invariably literally and exactly true. In most cases they related to persons not known to us except by name, sometimes not even by so much as that. In other cases they related to friends and acquaintances. This course of evidence continued for a long time ; and collaterally I developed a power of clairvoyant vision which rapidly increased, until I was able to see and converse at length with my invisible friends. The inner faculties seemed to be opened, so that the information given received new confirmation from my clairvoyant sight. This power eventually developed to a very high degree. I had a number of extremely vivid visions in which my spirit appeared to act independently of the body. During some of them I was conscious of living and acting among scenes not of this earth ; in others dramatic tableaux were enacted before me, the object evidently being to represent some spiritual truth or teaching to me. In two cases only was I able to satisfy myself by collateral evidence of the reality of my vision. I was in deep trance during each occasion, and could not distinguish between the subjective impressions of a dream and the real occurrence of what I so vividly saw before me, save that I could confirm in these two cases what I saw and heard in vision by what I afterwards discovered from external sources. The scene in these cases was real, and I do not doubt that it was so in all."

Charlton Templeman Speer claims to have witnessed a variety of paranormal phenomena at seances of William Stainton Moses, a 19th-century figure greatly admired for his scholarship and moral character. One thing he claims to have witnessed is something resembling teleportation. He states this:

"The passage of matter through matter was sometimes strikingly demonstrated by the bringing of various articles from other rooms, though the doors were closed and bolted. Photographs, picture-frames, books, and other objects were frequently so brought, both from  rooms on the same floor and from those above. How they came through the closed doors I cannot say, except by some process of de-materialisation, but come they certainly did, apparently none the worse for the process, whatever it might have been."

Besides also describing numerous inexplicable scents and mysterious music, Speer tells us that orbs were seen rising up from the ground and apparently passing through a heavy table.  We read this:

"These lights were of two different kinds— objective and subjective. The former usually resembled small illuminated globes, which shone brightly and steadily, often moved rapidly about the room, and were visible to all the sitters. A curious fact in connection with these lights always struck me, viz., that looking on to the top of the table one could see a light slowly ascending from the floor, and to all appearance passing out through the top of the table — the table itself apparently not affording any obstacle to one’s view of the light."

On page 187 of the April 1861 edition of The Spiritual Magazine, we have a poem "recited by Miss Lizzie Doteny a spiritual trance speaker, of America, at the close of a recent lecture in Boston," who "professed to give it impromptu, so far as she was concerned, and to speak under the direct influence of the spirit of Edgar A. Poe."  The poem has a stylistic resemblance to Poe's famous poem "The Raven," but the tone of the poem is far more optimistic than that poem famous for its gloom. The very skillfully written poem is below:

From the throne of life eternal,
From the home of love supernal,
Where the angel feet make music over all the starry floors
Mortals, I have come to meet you,
Come with words of peace to greet you,
And to tell you of the glory that is mine for evermore.

Once before I found a mortal
Waiting at the heavenly portal—
Waiting but to catch some echo from that ever-opening door;
Then I seized his quickened being,
And through all his inward seeing,
Caused my burning inspiration in a fiery flood to pour!

Now I come more meekly human,
And the weak lips of a woman,
Touch with fire from off the altar, not with burnings as of yore;
But in holy love descending,
With her chastened being blending,
I would fill your souls with music from the bright celestial shore.

As one heart yearns for another,
As a child turns to its mother,
From the golden gates of glory turn I to the earth once more,
Where I drained the cup of sadness,
Where my soul was stung to madness,
And life’s bitter, burning billows swept my burdened being o’er.

Here the harpies and the ravens,
Human vampires—sordid cravens,
Preyed upon my soul and substance till I writhed in anguish sore;
Life and I then seemed mismated,
For I felt accursed and fated,
Like a restless, wrathful spirit, wandering on the Stygian shore.

Tortured by a nameless yearning,
Like a frost-fire, freezing, burning,
Did the purple, pulsing life-tide through its fevered channels pour,
Till the golden bowl—Life’s token—
Into shining shards was broken,
And my chained and chafing spirit leapt from out its prison door.

But while living, striving, dying,
Never did my soul cease crying;
" Ye who guide the fates and furies, give! oh, give me, I implore,
From the myriad hosts of nations—
From the countless constellations,
One pure spirit that can love me—one that I, too, can adore !”

Through this fervent aspiration
Found my fainting soul salvation,
For, from out its blackened fire crypts, did my quickened spirit soar;
And my beautiful ideal—
Not too saintly to be real—
Burst more brightly on my vision than the fancy-formed Lenore.

’Mid the surging seas she found me,
With the billows breaking round me,
And my saddened, sinking spirit in her arms of love upbore;
Like a lone one, weak and weary,
Wandering in the midnight dreary,
On her sinless, saintly bosom, brought me to the heavenly shore.

Like the breath of blossoms blending,
Like the prayers of saints ascending,
Like the rainbow’s seven-hued glory, blend our souls for evermore.
Earthly love and lust enslaved me,
But divinest love hath saved me,
And I know now, first and only, how to love and to adore.

Oh, my mortal friends and brothers!
We are each and all another’s,
And the soul that gives most freely from its treasure hath the more.
Would you lose your life, you find it ;
And in giving love, you bind it,
Like an amulet of safety, to your heart for evermore."

The 1854 book "Voices from Spirit Land" (which lists Nathan F. White as its author) attempts to persuade us in its introduction that the poetry that makes up most of the book was written by spirits. We read this:

"Here is a volume of more than two hundred pages, spoken and written in obedience to superior influences by one who, in a normal condition, possesses no such power of utterance. This volume of 'Voices From the Spirit Land' is, to our belief, no more the conscious product of the Medium through whom its utterance is claimed to have occurred, than it is the work of some Patagonian yet unborn."

The author Nathan F. White is described like this: "A gentle-hearted, simpleminded young man ; diffident and unpretending in whatever sphere ; with only the limited common-school education of a humble New-England farmer's son ; a daily hand-toiler since his early youth ; without imagination or ideality beyond the measure of Pollock's happy man." Later it is claimed, "Under the influence of other spirits he has been made to speak in various languages, with all the ease and grace of persons native to them ; and to write in German, or Hebrew, or Arabic, with a rapidity and perfection of chirography impossible to natural skill."  We hear this description of White entering into a trance:

"The slowly-growing rigidity, death-like pallor, spasmodic tremors, and icy-cold sweat gathering like 'beaded dew' upon the brow of the Medium while in process of entrancement, preparatory to speaking, were what no man could counterfeit. And when the voice issued, as it were from a body dead to outward impression and appearance, the veriest skeptic felt that this was more than mortal."

The volume contains very high quality poetry. It includes the poem "Weep Not for the Dead" which is below:

Rejoice for the day,
When that mansion of clay
The spirit no longer confines ;
When 'tis free to arise
To its home in the skies, 
Where love's light eternally shines.

When a spirit oppressed
Flies away to the rest 
It sought for in vain on the earth,
And forgets every wrong
In the triumphant song
That welcomes the new angel-birth ;

When it leaves all its fears,
All its sad, bitter tears
Behind with the moldering form ;
For bright regions of bliss.
Leaves a world of distress, 
And bids a farewell to earth's storm —
...
Once, o'erburdened with care,
And weighed down with despair, 
Of hope and of comfort bereft —
Now, 'tis gazing with love
On those angels above.
Forgetting the sorrows it's left.

Then no longer weep
For the loved ones that sleep —
Though taken away from thy sight ; 
For you'll meet them again,
Free from anguish and pain.
In mansions of eternal light."

spirit writing

In 1861 there began the American Civil War, which would rage for four years, and end in the abolition of slavery in the United States. The events seem to have been predicted by an 1859 book entitled "Twelve Messages from the Spirit of John Quincy Adams." The first page of the book says the book was written in a trance state by the medium Joseph D. Stiles, " in an almost perfect fac-simile of that peculiar, tremulous handwriting of Mr. Adams in the last years of his earthly life, — a handwriting which probably no man living could, in his natural state of mind, so perfectly imitate, and which is wholly unlike the usual handwriting of the medium."

The preface is by Josiah Brigham, who tells us Joseph D. Stiles is a printer of "common education," seemingly someone without the intellectual or educational background to have produced the lofty writings that came from his pen. Brigham tells of an event that led him to believe some paranormal agency was occurring.  Brigham says this:

"My first acquaintance with Mr. Stiles was in June of 1854. He came to my house to hold a circle in the evening, and a number of personal friends were present by invitation. On seating ourselves around the table, the medium was soon influenced to make a prayer, and, immediately after the prayer, was influenced to write, and the very first communication written out by him there was one purporting to be from a brother of mine, who died in 1818, which commenced as follows :

'Dear brother Josiah : I am very glad, after the lapse of many years, to be able to communicate to you. I am glad that you feel an interest in the cause of Spiritualism, for it is a beautiful theory, which, when you can believe with sincerity, cannot but help to smooth the declivity of life. It is doubly sweet to me to communicate to you, because I do it under the roof where my spirit took its flight from the things of earth.  * * * *

Winslow Brigham.'

This last sentence struck me very forcibly ; for truly it was in the house where I now live, and in which I then lived, that my brother died ; and this fact was wholly unknown to the medium, as was also the fact that I ever had a brother by that name."

In that 1859 book on pages 318 to 319 we read this:

"We are able to discern the period rapidly approximating when man will take up arms against his fellow-man, and go forth to contend with the enemies of Republican Liberty, and to assert, at the point of the bayonet, those rights, of which so large a portion of their fellow-creatures are deprived. Again will the soil of America be saturated with the blood of freedom loving children, and her noble monuments, those sublime attestations of patriotic will and determination, will tremble, from base to summit, with the heavy roar of artillery, and the thunder of cannon. The trials of that internal war will far exceed those of the War of the Revolution, while the cause contended for will equal, if not excel, in sublimity and power, that for which the children of '76 fought."

"But when the battle-smoke shall disappear, and the cannon's fearful tones are heard no more, then will mankind more fully realize the blessings outflowing from the mighty struggle in which they so valiantly contended! No longer will their eyes meet with those bound in the chains of physical slavery, or their ears listen to the heavy sobs of the Oppressed child of God. But o'er a land dedicated to the principles of impartial liberty the King of Day will rise and set, and hearts now oppressed with care and sorrow will rejoice in the blessings of uninterrupted freedom."

" In this eventful revolution, what the patriots of the past tailed to accomplish, their descendants will perform, with the timely assistance of invisible powers. By their sides the heavenly hosts will labor, imparting courage and fortitude in each hour of despondency, and urging them onward to a speedy and magnificent triumph. Deploring, as we do, the existence of slavery, and the means to be employed to purge it from America, yet our sympathies will culminate to the cause of Right and Justice, and give strength to those

'Who seek to set the captive free
And crush the monster, Slavery.'

"The picture which I have presented is, indeed, a hideous one. You may think that I speak with too much assurance when I thus boldly prophesy the dissolution of the American Confederacy, and, through it, the destruction of that gigantic structure, Human Slavery ! But this knowledge was not the result of a moment's or an hour's gleaning, but nearly half a century's existence in the Seraph Life. I have carefully watched my country's rising progress, and I am thoroughly convinced that it cannot always exist under the present Federal Constitution, and the pressure of that most terrible sin, Slavery !"

The prediction was remarkably accurate. A war largely over whether slavery would persist did indeed start soon after the prediction,  beginning in 1861. That civil war (indeed an "internal war") did cause bloodshed greater than that occurring in the American Revolutionary War.  There did indeed occur " the dissolution of the American Confederacy, and, through it, the destruction of that gigantic structure, Human Slavery." The southern states of the United States formed a government called the Confederate States of America, and that was often called simply the Confederacy.  That Confederacy was dissolved when the North won the war in 1865, and the result of that dissolution was the end of slavery in the United States. The "present Federal Constitution" existing in 1859 did not persist unchanged, being altered in the 1860's with a constitutional amendment prohibiting slavery.

"Twelve Messages from the Spirit of John Quincy Adams" holds up pretty well to the scrutiny of the modern reader. The book mainly tells long accounts of afterlife glories, and accounts of the narrator meeting various famous deceased people. 

On one page the book gives this sample of the late handwriting of John Quincy Adams in 1845 (he died in 1848):


On the next page the book gives two samples of the writing of the medium Joseph D. Stiles, while he was in trance and producing writings signed as John Quincy Adams. The first is the first such writing, and the second a later writing. 


The second piece of handwriting shown above has a close resemblance to the 1845 handwriting of John Quincy Adams. 

In Part 2 of this series (which may not be my next post) I will look at what are perhaps the two most astonishing cases of alleged sprit writings: the case of Patience Worth and the case of Chico Xavier. 

Wednesday, December 27, 2023

The Continent Explorers: An Analogy

On a distant planet in another solar system there was a single continent, inhabited on its eastern side by a proud race of seven-feet-tall beings. Their ideology held that they were the only inhabitants of their continent. But the western part of the continent had never been explored.  One day the inhabitants of the eastern side of the continent sent out an exploration expedition, with the goal of finally determining what was on the west side of the continent. The expedition was led by a famous scientist, and consisted of seven males and one woman. 

The scientist had predicted that no intelligent creatures would be discovered on the west side of the continent. But at one point in the long journey the explorers saw something that seemed to challenge such an idea. Traveling on a long flat plane, they seemed to see miles ahead of them what looked rather like a huge castle far away.

distant castle

"Look on the horizon!" exclaimed a woman. "I think that maybe that's some huge building, like a castle."

"Foolish woman!" said the scientist. "What you see on the horizon is merely a distant mountain, a mere accident of nature."

"I guess we'll find out for sure when we get closer," said the woman. 

The exploration party walked further towards the high object on the horizon.  Very soon a tragic event occurred. The scientist who was the expedition leader was attacked by a four-legged predator, and bled to death. The exploration party buried him, and then continued to walk on towards the interesting tall object on the horizon. 

Soon the woman noted that the tall object on the horizon now appeared to be even more clearly what looked like a high castle, not a mountain. 

"Look, the tall object on the horizon seems to be like some mighty castle," said the woman. "It can't be a mountain." 

"But the great scientist told us it was just a mountain, a mere accident of nature," said the scientist's assistant. "We must follow his wise teaching."

The exploration party walked further towards the high object on the horizon. The woman noted that the tall object on the horizon now appeared to be even more clearly some artificial construction. She noticed strange things she had never seen before on any building: electrical lighting. Her people had not yet invented electrical lights. 

"Look at those strange lights like none we have ever seen," said the woman. "This must be a work of great agency and artistry. It can't be a mountain." 

"But the great scientist told us it was just a mountain," said the scientist's assistant. "We must follow his wise teaching."

The exploration party walked further towards the high object on the horizon. The woman now noted that the tall object on the horizon appeared to have things she had never seen of nor heard of: elevators, helicopters and huge video screens on its outside. She could also see with her spy glass some great library that seemed to store vast amounts of information.

"Look at those astonishing wonders on the building," said the woman. "This is not only some work of great agency and artistry, but something far beyond anything our people could ever construct." 

"But the great scientist told us it was just a mountain, a mere accident of nature," said the scientist's assistant. "We must follow his wise teaching."

The situation described is an analogy for what has gone in biology since about the time of Charles Darwin. Around 1850 scientists seemed to see before them great evidence that the wonders of biology were not mere accidents of nature, but the work of some agency far greater than mankind.  Fine-tuned anatomical structures had been discovered abundantly. But in 1859 Charles Darwin introduced his theory that the wonders of biology were caused by purely natural processes such as random variations and the survival of the fittest. Introducing such a theory, Darwin was like the scientist of my story who sees in the far distance something that might be a castle or a mountain, and who says that it is merely a mountain, not anything the result of agency or design. 

The progression of the explorers closer and closer to the great castle is an analogy for the progression of biology in the 160 years since 1859. Just as the explorers in my story learned more and more about the castle as they walked closer and closer to it, biologists have learned more and more about the wonders of biology. Below is a table of what we now know.  The items in yellow are facts that Darwin never knew about during his lifetime.


HUMANS CONSIST OF HUMAN BODIES AND HUMAN MINDS.

Human minds have displayed a vast number of capabilities, many of which mainstream scientists fail to properly study.

HUMAN BODIES MAINLY CONSIST OF ORGAN SYSTEMS AND A SKELETAL SYSTEM.

The human skeletal system contains 206 bones.

ORGAN SYSTEMS CONSIST OF ORGANS AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES.

Examples of organ systems include the circulatory system (consisting of much more than just the heart), and the nervous system consisting of much more than just the brain.

ORGANS CONSIST OF TISSUES.


TISSUES CONSIST OF VERY COMPLEX AND VASTLY ORGANIZED  CELLS

There are more than 200 types of cells in the human body, each a different type of system of enormous organization. Cells are so complex they have been compared to factories with many types of manufacturing devices. 

CELLS TYPICALLY CONSIST OF VERY COMPLEX MEMBRANES AND THOUSANDS OR MILLIONS OF ORGANELLES.

  • A cell diagram will typically depict a cell as having only a few mitochondria, but cells typically have many thousands of mitochondria, as many as a million.

  • A cell diagram will typically depict a cell as having only a few lysosomes, but cells typically have hundreds of lysosomes.

  • A cell diagram will typically depict a cell as having only a few ribosomes, but a cell may have up to 10 million ribosomes.

  • A cell diagram will typically depict one or a few stacks of a Golgi apparatus, each with only a few cisternae. But a cell will typically have between 10 and 20 stacks, each having as many as 60 cisternae.

ORGANELLES CONSIST OF VERY MANY PROTEIN MOLECULES AND PROTEIN MOLECULE COMPLEXES.

There are some 100,000 different types of protein molecules in the human body, each a different type of complex invention. Protein molecule complexes are groups of different types of protein molecules that work together as team members to achieve a function that cannot be achieved by only one of the proteins in the complex. Very many protein complexes have so many parts working together dynamically that such complexes are now being called "molecular machines." 

PROTEIN MOLECULES CONSIST OF HUNDREDS OR THOUSANDS OF WELL-ARRANGED AMINO ACIDS, EXISTING IN A FOLDED THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHAPE.

Small changes in the sequences of amino acids in a protein are typically sufficient to ruin the usefulness of the protein molecule, preventing it from folding in the right way to achieve its function.  See "The Fragility of Fine-Tuned Protein Molecules" section of the post here for quotes stating this. 

AMINO ACIDS CONSIST OF ABOUT 10 ATOMS ARRANGED IN SOME SPECIFIC WAY.

Some amino acids have 20 atoms. Given 10+ atoms in amino acids, and an average of about 470 amino acids per human protein molecule, a human protein molecule contains an average of about 5000+ very well-arranged atoms. Amino acids in living things are almost all left-handed, although amino acids forming naturally will with 50% likelihood be right-handed.

ATOMS CONSIST OF MULTIPLE PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS.

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.


We are now in a situation where it is very clear that the wonders of biology are far greater in their hierarchical organization and fine-tuned dynamic complexity than anything that humans have ever constructed. An aircraft carrier is a less impressive work of fine-tuned organization than the human body. Humans know how to make aircraft carriers equipped with all of their aircraft. There is not a corporation in the world or a nation in the world that could construct from lifeless materials a living adult human body. It is notable that humans are completely incapable of creating machines that can reproduce themselves.  There is not a robot in the world capable of building from raw materials a robot just like itself. But self-reproduction is something that occurs throughout the world of biology, as does molecular machinery

Like the castle in my analogy, containing some vast library that the woman could spot with her spyglass, biological organisms contain vast libraries of functional information in their DNA. What we see in biological organism are massive numbers of engineering effects and endless examples of information-rich fine-tuned architecture. Such a reality makes nineteenth century explanations of biology origins sound like  old wives' tales. Ink splashes don't produce long functional essays telling how to perform complex tasks; accidents don't engineer things; and random variations don't create novel astonishing works of information-rich fine-tuned architecture. It is not true that we can explain such wonders of biology by a simple principle of "random variations occur, and nature saves the good stuff," because most of the good stuff we see  requires arrangements of atoms so improbable you would never get such good stuff from random variations.  The reason that would never happen is pretty much the same as the reason why ink splashes don't produce well-written essays telling how to do complex things. 

But our scientists keep senselessly claiming that the wonders of biology are not the product of intelligent agency, but mere accidents of nature, as accidental as mountains. They keep telling us that we must follow opinions of the scientist Darwin, reached around the year 1859. The scientists who do that are like the assistant scientist in my story, who asked the team to follow some opinion reached when the castle was a blur on the horizon, instead of forming an opinion based on what we now know to exist.  The assistant scientist in my story was advising the group: don't decide based on what you now see clearly, but decide based on what some dead guy thought when the picture was so much blurrier. And that is very much like what is going on when scientists tell us to not judge based on the current known realities of biology, but to follow some opinion first formed before we knew half of the relevant facts we now know. 

Saturday, December 23, 2023

Spookiest Years, Part 9: The Year 1871

In previous posts in this intermittently appearing "Spookiest Years" series on this blog (hereherehereherehereherehere and here), I had looked at some very spooky events reported between 1848 and 1869. In this installment I will look at accounts of spooky events occurring during the year 1871. 

In the February 1, 1871 edition of the short-lived Spiritual News, page 1, we have a report of a strange phenomenon at a seance occurring about a week earlier. We read that after "the door was locked" two large drawings were found on the table where the witnesses sat, with one of the witnesses (Helen Louisa Chevalier) saying the drawings came from her home three miles away. We then read this:

"A few seconds afterwards, something soft was felt falling  like snow, for about half a minute, perpendicularly downwards upon tile heads and bodies of the sitters at all parts of the room, and somebody exclaimed, ' Why, its feathers!' By this time the room had been in darkness about three minutes, and then a light was struck. The scene then revealed was wintry in the extreme. Everybody and everything between the four walls of the room was covered with white feathers ; the heads, shoulders, and knees of those present were thickly covered ; the table in the centre looked like a large, circular cake of snow, and the tresses of the ladies, as well as the trimmings of their garments, were clustered with little white feathers. These feathers had fallen perpendicularly at all parts of the room ; they fell vertically between the sitters, down on to the floor between the chairs....It may be stated, that the room has an ordinary plain whitewashed ceiling, everywhere visible."

We are given the full names of about 17 witnesses claiming to have seen such a wonder, and the addresses of many of them are given. 

In the June 15, 1871 edition of The Spiritualist, page 170, we have a report by numerous witnesses claiming to have seen a case of human teleportation.  Here is the original account, signed by a series of witnesses, along with the witnesses who attested to have seen this marvel on June 3, 1871:

" On Saturday evening, June 3rd, at 61, Lamb’s Conduit-street, High Holborn, London, W.C., a séance was held in the rooms of Messrs. Herne and Williams, mediums. Before the séance began, the doors communicating with the passage outside were locked. The proceedings began, at the request of the mediums, with prayer. Then spirit lights, like small stars, were seen moving about, after which a conversation between the spirits John King and Katie King, was heard. John said, 'Katie, you can’t do it.’ Katie replied, ‘ I will, I tell you I will.’ John said, ‘ I tell you you can’t.’ She answered, 'I will.’ Mr. Harrison then said, ‘ Can you bring Mrs. Guppy ? ’ There was no reply, but a member of the circle urged that the attempt should not be made. Within three minutes after Katie had said, ‘ I will,’ a single heavy sound was heard for an instant on the centre of the table. Mr. Edwards put out his hand and said, ‘ There is a dress here.’ A light was instantly struck, and Mrs. Guppy was found standing motionless on the centre of the table, trembling all over ; she had a pen and an account-book in her hands. Her right hand, with the pen in it, was over her eyes. She was spoken to by those present, but did not seem to hear ; the light was then placed in another room, and the door was closed for an instant ; John King then said, ‘ She’ll be all right presently.’ After the lapse of about four minutes after her arrival, she moved for the first time, and began to cry. The time of her arrival was ten minutes past eight. Mrs. Edmiston, Mr. Edwards, and Mr. Harrison went at once to one of the doors, and found it still locked; the other door could not be opened during the séance, because the back of the chair of one of the sitters was against it. There was no cupboard, article of furniture, or anything else in the rooms, in which it was possible for anybody to conceal themselves, and, if there had been, we, the undersigned witnesses, are all certain that by no natural means could Mrs. Guppy have placed herself instantaneously on the centre of a table round which we were all sitting shoulder to shoulder." 

"Mrs. Guppy said that the last thing she remembered before she found herself on the table, was that she was sitting at home at Highbury, talking to Miss Neyland, and entering some household accounts in her book. The ink in the pen was wet when she arrived in our midst ; the last word of the writing in the book was incomplete, and was wet and smeared. She complained that she was not dressed in visiting costume, and had no shoes on, as she had been sitting at the fire without them. As she stated this to Mr. Morris, and Mr. and Mrs. Edwards, a pair of slippers dropped on the floor from above, one of them grazing Mr. Morris’s head ; this was after the séance, and in the light. We all went into the dark room for a few minutes afterwards, and four flower-pots with flowers in them, which Mrs. Guppy declared to be from her home, were placed on the table at once. "

“After tea a second séance was held. Within a minute or two after the light was put out, there was a cry for a light, and Mr. Herne was seen by four persons falling from above, on to his chair. There were bundles of clothes belonging to Mr. Guppy, Mrs. Guppy, and Miss Neyland on the table, and Mr. Herne declared he had just seen Miss Neyland in Mrs. Guppy’s house ; that she had pushed the clothes into his arms, and told him to ' go to the devil.'  The light was again put out, and when it was struck once more, Mr. Williams was missing. He was found in the next room, lying in an insensible state on some clothes belonging to Mr. Guppy. He said on awaking that he had been to Mr. Guppy’s house, and saw Miss Neyland, who was sitting at a table, and seemed to he praying."

N. Haqger, 46, Moorgate-street.

Caroline Edmiston, Beckenham. 

C. E. Edwards, Kilburn-square, Kilburn. 

Henry Morris, Mount Trafford, Eccles, near Manchester.

 Elizabeth Guppy, 1, Morland Villas, Highbury Hill Park, N. 

 Ernest Edwards, Kilburn-square, Kilburn. 

Henry Clifford Smith, 38, Ennis-road, Stroudgreen. 

H. B. Husk, 26, Sandwich-street, 

W.C. Charles E. Williams, 61, Lamb’s Conduitstreet, W.C.

 E. Herne, Gl, Lamb’s Conduit-street, W.C. 

W. H. Harrison, Wilmin Villa, Chaucer - road, S.E.”

We have here an astonishing report of a seance in a dark room with locked doors. The witnesses claim that a woman living quite a distance away was inexplicably deposited on the round table that they surrounded. There is no way to explain this report by imagining some kind of trickery by one or two people.  The only halfway-credible hypothesis a skeptic might use to dismiss the report is to claim that the report is all a big lie, and that nothing of the sort happened.  Here the skeptic is forced into becoming a conspiracy theorist, imagining some conspiracy by witnesses who falsely claimed to have seen something they never saw.


In 1875 an article in the Quarterly Journal of Science would refer to the incident above, and mention other cases of reported teleportation of humans:

"As Newton is held to have proved that gravitation and inertia in every mass are proportional, we might expect that whatever overbears the former would be equally capable of neutralising the latter; and, in fact, the elder records hardly speak of visible suspensions like those of Mr. Home, but mainly of sudden unseen transfers of the person to a distance ; like that alleged of Dr. Monck last year, from his own residence at Bristol to the garden of his friend, Mr. Young, at Swindon ; or the earlier but better attested one of Mrs. Guppy, from her house at Holloway to a circle of her friends assembled at No. 61, Lamb’s Conduit Street; or, a few months ago, that of Mr. Henderson, a well-known photographer of London, for a smaller distance, but attested by eighteen persons besides himself—the nine assembled with him at Mr. Guppy’s, and the whole Stokes family, at Highbury, where he was unexpectedly found."

The source 
here on page 212 lists May 21, 1871 as the beginning of the mysterious materialization phenomenon involving Katie King and Florence Cook and May 21, 1874 as the end of the phenomenon. That phenomenon is one of history's most interesting and well-documented reports of the paranormal.  The earliest mention I can find of Florence Cook is the June 15, 1871 edition of The Spiritualist. We have a letter entitled "A New Medium" dated June 9, 1871. We hear of a fifteen-year-old medium referred to as Florrie, the daughter of a Mr. and Mrs. Cook. We hear only of spooky table movements and what sounds like some kind of levitation. The editor notes, "We have seen a very little of Miss Cook’s mediumship, and think that it will develop into something above the average."  That hunch turned out to be correct, with people later reporting around Florence Cook some of the most inexplicable phenomena ever recorded.  You will read about such phenomena in subsequent installments of this series. 

In the July 15, 1871 edition of The Spiritualist, there is a very astonishing account of levitation by the medium Daniel Dunglas Home, who  many people claimed to see levitating.  The account is by a Lord Lindsay. Here is some of what Lord Lindsay states:

"I was sitting with Mr. Home and Lord Adare, and a cousin of his. During the. sitting Mr. Home went into a trance, and in that state was carried out of the window in the room next to where we were, and was brought in at our window. The distance between the windows was about 7ft. 6in., and there was not the slightest foothold between them, nor was there more than a 12- inch projection to each window, which served as a ledge to put flowers on. We heard the window in the next room lifted up, and almost immediately after we saw Home floating in the air outside our window. The moon was shining full into the room ; my back was to the light, and I saw the shadow on the wall of the window-sill, and Home’s feet about six inches above it. He remained in this position for a few seconds, then raised the window and glided into the room, feet foremost, and sat down. Lord Adare then went into the next room to look at the window from which he had been carried. It was raised about eighteen inches, and he expressed his wonder how Mr. Home had been taken through so narrow an aperture. Home said (still in trance), 'I will show you;'  and then, with his back to the window, he leaned back, and was shot out of the aperture head first with the body rigid, and then returned quite quietly. The window is about seventy feet from the ground. I very much doubt whether any skilful tight-rope dancer would like to attempt a feat of this description, where the only means of crossing would be by a perilous leap, or being borne across in such a manner as I have described, placing the question of the light aside."

The October 15, 1871 edition of The Spiritualist announces the results of the long investigation of the Dialectical Society of London, which began two years earlier an investigation of the spooky phenomena reported around this time. We read this quote from the report of the Society (which can be read here in the full published report):

""Since their appointment on the 16th of February, 
1869, your Sub-committee have held forty meetings 
for the purpose of experiment and test. 

All of these meetings were held at the private 
residences of members of the Committee, purposely 
to preclude the possibility of pre-arranged mechanism 
or contrivance. 

The furniture of the room in which the experiments were conducted was on every occasion its  accustomed furniture. 
The tables were in all cases heavy dining tables, 
requiring a strong effort to move them. The small- 
est of them was 5ft. 9in. long by 4ft. wide, and the 
largest, 9ft. 3in. long and 4 ft. wide, and of propor- 
tionate weight. 

The rooms, tables, and furniture generally were 
repeatedly subjected to careful examination before, 
during, and after the experiments, to ascertain that 
no concealed machinery, instrument, or other con- 
trivance existed by means of which the sounds 
or movements hereinafter mentioned could be caused. 

The experiments were conducted in the light of 
gas, except on the few occasions specially noted in the 
minutes. ...Every test that the combined intelligence of your 
Committee could devise has been tried with patience 
and perseverance. The experiments were conducted 
under a great variety of conditions, and ingenuity 
has been exerted in devising plans by which your 
Committee might verify their observations and pre- 
clude the possibility of imposture or of delusion....

The result of their long-continued and carefully- 
conducted experiments, after trial by every detective 
test they could devise, has been to establish con- 
clusively : 

First: That under certain bodily or mental 
conditions of one or more of the persons present, a 
force is exhibited sufficient to set in motion heavy 
substances, without the employment of any muscular 
force, without contact or material connection of any 
kind between such substances and the body of any 
person present. 

Second: That this force can cause sounds to 
proceed, distinctly audible to all present, from solid 
substances not in contact with, nor having any 
visible or material connection with, the body of any 
person present, and which sounds are proved to pro- 
ceed from such substances by the vibrations which 
are distinctly felt when they are touched. 

Third : That this force is frequently directed by 
intelligence. 

At thirty-four out of the forty meetings of your 
Committee some of these phenomena occurred....

In all similar experiments the possibility of 
mechanical or other contrivance was further nega- . 
tived by the fact that the movements were in various 
directions, now to one side, then to the other ; now 
up the room, now down the room — motions that 
would have required the co-operation of many 
hands or feet ; and these, from the great size and 
weight of the tables, could not have been so used 
without the visible exercise of muscular force. 
Every hand and foot was plainly to be seen and 
could not have been moved without instant de- 
tection. 

Delusion was out of the question. The motions 
were in various directions, and were witnessed simul- 
taneously by all present. They were matters of 
measurement, and not of opinion or of fancy. 

And they occurred so often, under so many and 
such various conditions, with such safeguards against 
error or deception, and with such invariable results, 
as to satisfy the members of your Sub-committee by 
whom the experiments were tried, wholly sceptical as 
most of them were when they entered upon the in- 
vestigation, that there is a force capable of moving 
heavy bodies without material contact and which force 
is in some unknown manner dependent upon the pre- 
sence of human beings."

The same October 15, 1871 edition of The Spiritualist announces these results of the long investigation of the Dialectical Society of London (which can also be read on this page of the full report):

"These reports, hereto subjoined, substantially corroborate each other, and would appear to establish the following propositions : —
1. — That sounds of a very varied character, apparently proceeding from articles of furniture, the floor and walls of the room — the vibrations accompanying which sounds are often distinctly perceptible to the touch — occur, without being produced by muscular action or mechanical contrivance. 
2. — That movements of heavy bodies take place with- out mechanical contrivance of any kind or adequate exertion of muscular force by the persons present, and frequently without contact or connection with any person. 
3. — That these sounds and movements often occur at the times and in the manner asked for by persons present, and, by means of a simple code of signals, answer questions and spell out coherent communications .
4. — That the answers and communications thus obtained are, for the most part, of a common- place character ; but facts are sometimes correctly given which are only known to one of the persons present. 
5. — That the circumstances under which the phenomena occur are variable, the most prominent fact being, that the presence of certain persons seems necessary to their occurrence, and that of others generally adverse ; but this difference does not appear to depend upon any belief or disbelief concerning the phenomena. 
6. — That, nevertheless, the occurrence of the phenomena is not insured by the presence or absence of such persons respectively."

The same October 15, 1971 edition of The Spiritualist announces these results of the long investigation of the Dialectical Society of London (the same quote can be found here in the full report):

"1. Thirteen witnesses state that they have seen heavy bodies — in some instances men — rise slowly in the air and remain there for sometime without visible or tangible support. 
2. — Fourteen witnesses testify to having seen hands or figures, not appertaining to any human being, but life-like in appearance and mobility, which they have sometimes touched or even grasped,  and which they are therefore convinced were not the result of imposture or illusion.
3. — Five witnesses state that they have been touched, by some invisible agency, on various parts of the body, and often where requested, when the hands of all present were visible.
4. — Thirteen witnesses declare that they have heard musical pieces well played upon instruments not manipulated by any ascertainable agency.
5. — Five witnesses state that they have seen red-hot coals applied to the hands or heads of several - persons without producing pain or scorching ; and three witnesses state that they have had the same experiment made upon themselves with the like immunity.
6 — Eight witnesses state that they have received precise information through rappings, writings, and in other ways, the accuracy of which was unknown at the time to themselves or to any persons present, and which, on subsequent inquiry, was found to be correct.
7. — One witness declares that he has received a precise and detailed statement which, nevertheless, proved to be entirely erroneous.
8. — Three witnesses state that they have been present when drawings, both in pencil and colours, were produced in so short a time, and under such conditions, as to render human agency impossible.
9. — Six witnesses declare that they have received information of future events, and that in some cases the hour and minute of their occurrence have been accurately foretold, days and even
weeks before."

The full report (running to 400 pages) was published in book form in 1871, and can be read here.  Here is one of innumerable similar testimonies that can be found in the report:

"Mrs. Honywood, in answer to a request from the chair, stated that she had witnessed some remarkable phenomena at the residence of Dr. Gully, 'While sitting in a circle recently, the table rose, and the room vibrated to such a degree that an engineer who was present declared that nothing but the strongest machinery would have been sufficient to account for it. An accordion was played in the air, Mr. Home holding it by one strap, and not touching it in any other way. The room was fully lighted. Three or four persons, unknown to Mr. Home, mentally wished for particular tunes and they were played.' "

Here is another one of the testimonies given to the committee, by some distinguished person who apparently wanted to remain anonymous:

"The Hon. Mrs.  --- gave evidence in the following words : —
' The most remarkable manifestations I have seen, were those of last Sunday evening at my house. We were seated in a partially darkened room. We first heard raps and then saw a human figure at the window. It entered and several other figures came trooping in after it. One of them waived its hands. The atmosphere became fearfully cold. A figure which I recognised as that of a deceased relative, came behind my chair, leaned over me, and brushed my hair lightly with its hand. It seemed about eight feet high. Then approaching the Master of Lindsay it passed right through him, causing him to shiver with cold. But the most extraordinary thing of all was the laughter. One of us said something and all the spirits laughed with joy. The sound was indescribably strange, and it appeared to us as if it came from the ground. This was the first time we heard spirit voices.' "

The witness then tells us this occurred in the presence of "Mr. Home," apparently Daniel Dunglas Home. 

The Times of London is one of the world's oldest newspapers, having operated since the 18th century. In the December 26, 1872 edition of The Times (quoted on page 51 of the early 1873 source here), we had a perfect example of how mainstream sources engage in shameless lies when writing about the paranormal.  The paper claimed this about the 400-page report of The Dialectical Society of London:

"The Report filled altogether some 400 pages, and the sum total of 18 months’ investigation amounted to just this, that— 'Your Committee, taking into consideration the high character and great intelligence of many of the witnesses to the more extraordinary facts, the extent to which their testimony is supported by the reports of the sub-committees and the absence of any proof of imposture or delusion as regards a large portion of the phenomena; and, further, having regard to the exceptional character of the phenomena, the large number of persons in every grade of society and over the whole civilized world who are more or less influenced by a belief in their supernatural origin, and to the fact that no philosophical explanation of them has yet been arrived at, deem it incumbent upon them to state their conviction that the subject is worthy of more serious attention and careful investigation than it has hitherto received.' "

The claim of The Times that the "the sum total of 18 months’ investigation amounted to just this," merely that the phenomena were "worthy of more serious attention" was a brazen deceit by The Times writer, as it is obvious from the quotes above that conclusions far beyond that were made all over the place in the report, with the 400-page report documenting countless testimonies of people witnessing dramatic paranormal events, and the writers of the report concluding that various types of dramatic paranormal events were observational facts. Such malfeasance by mainstream newspapers continued for 150 years, with major papers called The Times (such as the New York Times) continuing to have appalling records of distortion and misrepresentation and censorship when reporting on the paranormal (as I document here).